Rap And Violence Essays - African-American Culture,

Rap And Violence Since the late 1980's rap music has been known as the Anti Christ in our way of life, due to it's alleged impact in individuals' life. Individuals swear here and there that the music is the reason individuals, uniquely the young hotel to fierce wrongdoings. I think by saying this they are attempting to conceal the genuine truth by offering basic responses. Rap is characterized as a style of well known music comprising of ad libbed rhymes performed to a cadenced backup. The first rap tune was made in the late 70's, the melodies were seven to eight minutes in length furthermore, was generally utilized in little clubs to move to. It didn't generally get well known until the mid 80's. Throughout the years it has become standard music, everybody is tuning in to it. Over the most recent four years rap made up 60% of music purchased in stores in the United States. In 1989 a neighborhood bunch called N.W.A.(Niggaz Wit Mentalities) originated from out of L.A. what's more, changed rap, which was the beginning of Gangsta Rap. In their verses they discussed wrongdoing, road viciousness and slaughtering. Once they were a colossal hit, it got on, and actually that is the point at which this franticness begun. Everybody began rapping Gangsta style. An ever increasing number of individuals began rapping about police ruthlessness and murdering individuals and with that wrongdoing rose to elevated levels. As I would like to think it's not the specialists or the record organization's issue that wrongdoing rose. It's not their duty to take care of each individual who tunes in to their music. In every one of these long periods of rap however there are three individuals who took the most analysis from general society. Dr. Dre was one, after N.W.A. broke up he proceeded to do whatever him might want to do, and after he discharged The Chronic he turned into a star. He took rap to a more significant level where it never been and I believe that frightened many individuals. He was rapping about drive by's, engaging in sexual relations with several ladies, drinking liquor the entire day, etc. At this point the crime percentage was high as can be and many individuals where searching for simple answers. It was for the most part those rare sorts of people who simply didn't care for rap from the beginning that stood up and attempted to boycott it. Most rappers adored the style Dr. Dre made, thus they attempted to take the style and make something of their own. Alongside Dr. Dre he helped a rising star Snoop Doggy Dog to turn into a major star by visitor gazing on his The Chronic collection. Sneak discharged Doggy Style and it was a hit. His style like Dr. Dre made it a hit. It was his top rated collection to date. Congress attempted each way they could to shield youth from tuning in to this music since they felt it was causing them to perpetrate violations. Sneak was charged not to long after his discharge for homicide which he before long was found not liable. They made a mark for CD's and tapes that said Parental Advisory Unequivocal Lyrics which very my conclusion didn't do excessively. Along these lines guardians could know about the sort of music their children tune in to and could pick on the off chance that they might want to permit them to hear it out. In the event that you plunk down and consider it, when you purchase a CD you by it since you need to hear it out, you don't generally focus on that little mark. Other than you see little children no more established then 11 strolling around tuning in to Lil' Kim, Tupac, and all other rap specialists cussing up a tempest . . . what's with that? For what reason didn't the guardians state anything about that, they have command over their youngsters, yet pundits and congress accuse the rappers. The third man to take the most warmth who still keeps on being Tupac Shakur. They state he was the best rapper alive and the most effective which I additionally accept is valid. He experiences been in difficulty with the law and open since his first collection to even now after his passing. He was captured for various charges, for example, battery, endeavored murder, and assault. In 1994 two 17-year-olds shot some cops and said they did on the grounds that they heard it in Tupac's music. Pundits accused him from the beginning with his to unseemly verses. Why accuse him he didn't instruct them to go shoot cops? For the past three years, C. Delores Tucker has been talking and fighting rap verses

Newspaper article on the events at Deir Yassin.

Paper article on the occasions at Deir Yassin. What truly occurred in Deir Yassin? Who was capable? What has its impact been? Peruse on to discover out...Early in the first part of the day of Friday, April ninth, 1948, commandos of the Irgun, headed by Menachem Begin, and the Stern Gang assaulted Deir Yassin.Deir Yassin was a town with around 750 Palestinian inhabitants. The town lay outside the territory that the United Nations suggested be remembered for the future Jewish State. It had a tranquil notoriety and had even determined out some Arab activists. It really had a harmony settlement with Givat Shaul, the leader of the Arab division of the Haganah knowledge. Yet, it was situated in a hallway between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem and a few gatherings needed it devastated so it could turn into a little airfield.The assault went ineffectively, on the grounds that, as Haganah insight detailed, the two nonconformist gatherings had no preparation, no coordination and no information on the most proficient method to give spread fire or c omplete jump frog assaults in which crews give each other spread in turn.Map indicating Deir Yassin corresponding to Jerusalem i...However, by early afternoon more than 100 individuals, half of them ladies and youngsters had been efficiently killed. Four commandos passed on account of opposing Palestinians utilizing old Mausers and black powder rifles. Twenty-five male residents were stacked into trucks, strutted through the Zakhron Yosef quarter in Jerusalem, and afterward taken to a stone quarry along the street between Givat Shaul and Deir Yassin and shot to death. The rest of the inhabitants were headed to Arab East Jerusalem.There was a last body check of 254 was accounted for by the New York Times, however the number was contested and is supposed to be somewhere in the range of 120-254.People regularly ask what was the Stern and Irgun's motivation for slaughtering an entire town was, and it is considered by some that they fundamentally needed...

Together.

Together. This was supposed to be a happy post. It was supposed to be one of those after-CPW posts, celebrating three straight days of liquid nitrogen ice cream, Tetris hacks, and a campus-wide show of unity to welcome prospective students.  It was supposed to be about my first time celebrating Patriots Day in Boston, about my first time watching that most unifying of sports, the marathon a sport that doesnt even have a side to cheer for or root against. And then todays tragic events happened.  In a few seconds, a day ripped apart two explosions, three deaths, and a casualty rate in the triple digits.  The wailing of sirens and the steady chop-chop-chop of helicopter blades overhead filled the air. We were very fortunate to have no immediate members of the MIT community directly injured by the bombs.  Yet it was still horrifying beyond words to witness.  All thoughts of that happy blog post about MIT went out the window. But what happened next was inspiring.  Ive always thought that you can tell a lot about a community by how it reacts to a tragedy. As the news broke, students immediately began asking where they could donate blood. Prefrosh frantically messaged and emailed their hosts to check if they were okay people they had briefly met just days ago.  People texted, and emailed, and tweeted, and posted on Facebook, spreading the warnings to avoid public transit and large crowds. So perhaps this can still be a happy post.  A post about a different kind of unity, a different kind of community.  Because the people of Boston are a tough and resilient crowd.  The celebration of a 26.2 mile run might have been shattered today.  But the marathon will be back, and make no mistake next year, we will roar twice as loudly at the finish line.  No cowardly act of terror can break this spirit. After spending one too many hours listening to reporters endlessly analyzing and reanalyzing todays attack, I took a walk outside.  I jogged across the Mass Ave bridge, as I often do when I want to clear my thoughts.  I reached the 300 Smoot mark.  And then I turned around. To the city of Boston, our neighbor across the river: our hearts go out to you. Today and always, we stand with you.  Together.

Politics Dissertations - Culture Contested Concept - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3263 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? More than a half century ago noted American poet T. S. Eliot eloquently expressed the complexity of the term culture, a term that is used so freely and with so little aforethought today. As Eliot learned, culture is quite difficult to define. He succeeded in describing the term, as Lord Evans (2001) noted, but a definition eluded even someone with Eliots gift for words. But Eliot was not alone in wrestling with defining culture; experts in a variety of disciplines have yet to agree on a consensus definition and some even contest the concept of culture itself. As this essay will demonstrate, controversy surrounding the concept of culture can be attributed, to a large degree, to the failure by those who study the topic to adopt a widely-accepted definition that adequately captures the complexity of the term. After presenting the results of a literature review on various definitions of culture and the topic of culture as a contested concept, the focus of the essay turns to the significance of culture in conflict resolution, demonstrating that culture is a critical factor in successfully resolving conflicts and, further, that a consensus definition for culture that reflects the realities of modern society would facilitate the conflict resolution process. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Politics Dissertations Culture Contested Concept" essay for you Create order Culture Defined Experts may not be able to agree on a definition for culture, but they apparently experience no difficulty in agreeing that culture is a difficult term to define (Edensor 2002; Hall 1980, cited in Park 2005). Susan Wright (1998) reports the existence of at least 164 definitions for culture. Noted sociologist and anthropologist Clyde Kluckhohn (1949) defined culture eleven different ways in his book Mirror for Man, and he and his colleagues (1952) catalogued more than 160 definitions for culture into six categories descriptive, historical, normative, psychological, generic, and incomplete. Raymond Williams writes that, in the term culture, history has bestowed one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language, adding that culture can be used to refer to a wide range of phenomena and that the concept of culture has produced major political and philosophical disagreement (Williams 1983, cited in Chay 1990). Kluckhohn (1954) developed one of the most often cited definitions for culture in writing that it consists in patterned ways of thinking, feeling and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts. Culture has also been defined as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Tylor 1871, cited in Kluckhohn 1952); the human-made part of the environment (Herskovits 1955, cited in Earley and Randal 1997); shared meaning systems (Shweder and LeVine 1984, cited in Earley and Randal 1997); the sum total and organization of the social heritages which have acquired a social meaning because of racial temperament and of the historical life of the group (Park and Burgess 1921, cited in Kluckhohn 1952); the mode of life followed by the community or the tribe [including] all standa rdized social procedures (Wissler 1929, cited in Kluckhohn 1952); the sum of mens adjustments to their life-conditionsattained only through the combined action of variation, selection, and transmission (Sumner and Keller 1927, cited in Kluckhohn 1952); and a product of human association (Groves 1928, cited in Kluckhohn 1952). In the aggregate, the various definitions just presented express the theme of shared meanings acquired then passed from generation to generation. They also describe culture at group and societal levels. Other experts describe the term from the perspective of the individual or otherwise provide for differences in cultural attributes within a group or society. Hofstede (1980, cited in Earley and Randel 1997) defines culture as a set of mental programs that control an individuals responses in a given context. Park (2005) describes culture as a marker for difference in society. And Rohner (1984, cited in Earley and Randel 1997) defines the term as the totality of equivalent and complementary learned meanings maintained by a human population, or by identifiable segments of a population, and transmitted from one generation to the next. The phrase equivalent and complementary learned meanings is critical to an understanding of Rohners definition, according to Earley and Randel, because it p rovides for individual variances in interpretations of learned meanings within a culture. Although these definitions represent only a small portion of those revealed from a review of the literature, they provide some insight into the range of thought on the topic of culture, especially perspectives on assessing culture at various levels societal, group, and individual. As will be suggested, the difficulty experts have experienced in defining culture helps to explain why culture is a contested concept and why a solution to the definitional problem is important to resolving the debate about the role of culture in conflict resolution and, ultimately, to facilitating the conflict resolution process. Culture as a Contested Concept Fantasia and Hirsch (1995, cited in Ellis and Thompson, 1997) write, with a hint of sarcasm, that cultural theorists can take pride in their creation of a contested terrain in the study of culture. The literature review indicated that most experts who contest the concept of culture base their disputes on the belief that, in the modern world, there is no all-embracing culture in which everyone in a given society blindly holds precisely the same shared meanings, which is suggested by most traditional definitions of culture. The concept of culture has long been contested (Cooper and Denner 1998; Mathews 2000). Bhabha (1993) writes that, as people have increasingly migrated to other lands in modern times, they have only taken part of their total culture with them. The culture of these migrants becomes a mixture of the cultures from their native societies and those found in the society in which they entered. Heath (1997) writes that experts no longer consider culture to be a viable concept in a world of volatile, situated, and overlapping social identities, contending that various disciplines have taken issue with culture as a concept for various reasons. She writes that educators protest the concept on the basis of its transmission of connotations of objectivity, discreteness, essentialism, and ahistoricism; sociologists challenge the concept on the grounds of production, mass consumerism, and popular entertainment; and experts from the human sciences contest the totalizing universalizing perspectives of culture, replacing these arbitrary constructions with permeable membranes that are not predictable or deterministic. Heath (1997) also points to the fuzzy boundaries of culture, arguing that specific cultures are hard to isolate and claiming that variations are becoming apparent within groups that have been traditionally viewed as possessing unique cultures. Edensor (2002) writes that popular culture is having a major cross-cultural effect on traditional cultures. Childs and Storry (1999) claim that cultures are changing so quickly that a snapshot of current cultural practices is inevitably going to be blurred. Mathews (2000), in noting that even anthropologists are increasingly avoiding the term culture, poses the question as to whether in todays world of global flows and interactions cultural labels are appropriate and claims that individuals personally select which elements of a given culture to apply in their behavioural decisions. Brightman (1995, cited in Mathews 2000) notes t hat some experts are enclosing culture in quotation marks to indicate their ambivalence, self-consciousness or censure about the term. In closing, perhaps Earley and Randel (1997) offer the one of the more revealing insights into the controversy over the term culture: We suggest that while the romance of culture as a grand concept capturing the complexity of society and life is tempting, this conceptualization is both limiting and misleading. The Significance of Culture in Conflict Resolution Conflict resolution and culture are intrinsically intertwined. Rubin and colleagues (1994, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997) define conflict as perceived divergence of interest, or a belief that parties current aspirations cannot be achieved simultaneously. Hopmann (1998) contends that, in a complex world, conflict is unavoidable. Conflict is an inevitable consequence of the interdependence inherent in human interaction (Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997). Processes used to resolve conflicts must be considered within a larger cultural context (Just 1991). Conflicts are cultural events in every sense of the word, according to Lederach (1991). Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997) write that conflict resolution is a cultural phenomenon. Avruch (1991) refers to conflicts and conflict resolution approaches as cultural events. Various studies have confirmed that conflict resolution processes are culture-specific (Avruch and Black 1991; Avurch, Black and Scimecca 1991, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997). Ross (1993 , cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997) originated the term culture of conflict to describe the norms and institutions that a society applies in conflicts. Beliefs, attitudes, and patterns of behaviours about conflict are internalised by people in their cultural settings and, in turn, strengthened by cultural norms and institutions. And, because conflict is a cultural phenomenon, the methods used to perceive and respond to conflict are typically transparent to those involved because these methods are based on assumptions that they do not question. (Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997) Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997) urge caution in applying conflict resolution approaches across cultural lines. For instance, they recommend that generic manuals prescribing conflict resolution procedures to be used in all cultural settings should be avoided (Avruch 1991). People involved in conflict resolution should be flexible and sensitive to cultural differences, according to Lederach (1991, cited in Bjrkqvist) and Benvenisti (1986, cited in Avruch 1991). Benvenisti chastises conflict resolvers who believe that communal conflicts are like a chessboard where one can think up the best arrangement of chess pieces and move them all at once. Cultures vary in the mechanisms they use in resolving conflict with some applying formal mechanisms such as court systems and others using informal approaches such as gossip, teasing, and exclusion (Black 1993; Fry 1992, 1994; Hollan 1988; White 1991, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997). Versi (2002) suggests that if you know where the other person is coming from culturally, you can develop a more effective approach to resolving conflict. Rubin (1994, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997), articulates four generic strategies used in conflict resolution: (1) contending, which involves a high level of concern for ones own results and a low level of concern for the others results; (2) problem solving, which involves high levels of concern for ones own results and those of the other party; (3) yielding, which involves a low level of concern for ones own results and a high level of concern for the others results; and (4) avoiding, which involves low levels of concern for ones own results and those of the other party. Of these, the authors argue that problem solving is the most effective strategy because it permits both contenders to win. Fortunately, the problem solving strategy is effective across a broad spectrum of cultures. In problem solving, the use of a non-partisan th ird-party facilitator has also been found to be effective across cultures (Black 1993, cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry 1997). The Culture Definition Dilemma and Its Effects on Optimal Conflict Resolution Outcomes The debate about culture, specifically the controversy surrounding the validity of culture as a concept, is important to the field of conflict resolution because cultural factors are so inexorably linked to conflicts and their effective resolutions. Results of the literature review of definitions for the term culture and the review of literature on culture as a contested concept suggest that definitions describing culture as a group or societal phenomenon without allowing for variance within the group or society may be at the root of the cultural concept validity dispute. As Bhabha (1993), Childs and Storry (1999), Edensor (2002), Heath (1997), and Mathews (2000) proffer, modern societies are increasingly integrating and, as this occurs, their members are mixing their unique cultural attributes with one another thereby blurring the distinctions that once defined individual cultures. But does this mean that the concept of culture is invalid? The answer to that question lies in the definitions of culture that allow for individual variance in cultural attributes. For instance, the definition offered by Rohner (1984, cited in Earley and Randel 1997), who defines the term as the totality of equivalent and complementary learned meanings maintained by a human population, or by identifiable segments of a population, and transmitted from one generation to the next, provides for individual variances in interpretations of learned meanings within a culture. This definition seems offer the flexibility to adequately define culture within the context of modern inter mingled societies, thus revalidating the concept of culture. How, then, would a definition for culture that provides for individual variance relate to conflict resolution? Although a definition that considers everyone within a particular culture to share precisely the same cultural attributes would help to make conflict resolution a much more predictable process, such a definition does not reflect the realities of modern societies. However, knowing that members of a culture share equivalent and complementary learned meanings, as proposed by Rohner, permits a certain degree of predictability whilst simultaneously providing needed flexibility to accommodate individual variance. There may even be an additional benefit in this condition for practitioners in conflict resolution. Individual variance may actually serve to weaken strong cultural barriers that have, in the past, obstructed successful conflict resolution. For instance, as cultures integrate more fully, their members typically become more understanding of each others cultural attributes . This understanding should provide an enhanced common basis for resolving conflicts and may even reduce the incidence of conflicts themselves. Conclusion In the modern global village, as opportunities increase for people and their cultures to interact, the need for effective conflict resolution has never been more critical or more difficult, yet experts in a variety of disciplines are engaged in seemingly endless philosophical arguments about the validity of culture as a concept, diverting their energies from what seem to be more productive endeavours such as developing new techniques for conflict resolution that could lead to a more peaceful world. Adopting a more flexible definition for culture one that recognises individual variances and the realities of the modern world would be a first step in achieving this worthy goal. References Avruch, K. (1991) Introduction: Culture and conflict-resolution, in K. Avruch, P. W. Black, and J. A. Scimecca, eds., Conflict Resolution: Cross Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood. Avruch, K., and Black, P. W. (1991) The culture question and conflict resolution, Peace and Change 16. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Avruch, K., Black, P. W., and Scimecca, J. A., (1991) Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Benvenisti, Meron (1986) Conflicts and Contradictions, New York: Villard Books/Random House. Cited in Avruch (1991). Bhabha, Homi K. (1993) Cultures in between, Artforum International 32:1, September 1993. Bjrkqvist, Kaj, and Fry, Douglas P. (1997) Cultural Variation in Conflict Resolution: Alternatives to Violence, Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Black, D. (1993) The Social Structure of Right and Wrong, San Diego, California: Academic Press. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Brightman, R. (1995) Forget culture: Replacement, transcendence, relexification, Cultural Anthropology 10:4. Cited in Mathews (2000). Chay, Jongsuk (1990) Culture and International Relations, New York: Praeger. Childs, Peter, and Storry, Mike (1999) Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture, London: Routledge. Cooper, Catherine R., and Denner, Jill (1998) Theories linking culture and psychology: Universal and community-specific processes, Annual Review of Psychology 49. Earley, P. Christopher, and Randel, Amy E. (1997) Culture without borders: An individual-level approach to cross-cultural research in organizational behavior, in Cary L. Cooper and Susan E. Jackson, eds., Creating Tomorrows Organizations: A Handbook for Future Research in Organizational Behavior, Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Edensor, Tim (2002) National Identity, Popular Culture and Everyday Life, Oxford: Berg. Eliot, T. S. (1949) Notes Towards the Definition of Culture, New York: Harcourt Brace and Company, 62. Ellis, Richard J., and Thompson, Michael (1997) Culture Matters: Essays in Honor of Aaron Wildavsky, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. Evans, Lord (2001) The economy of the imagination, New Statesman 130:4544, July 2, 2001. Fantasia, Rick, and Hirsch, Eric L. (1995), Culture and rebellion: the appropriation and transformation of the veil in the Algerian Revolution, in Hank Johnston and Bert Klandermans, eds., Social Movements and Culture, Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. Cited in Ellis and Thompson (1997). Fry, D. P. (1992) Female aggression among the Zapotec of Oaxaca, Mexico, in K. Bjrkqvist and P. Niemel, eds., Of Mice and Women: Aspects of Female Aggression, San Diego, California: Academic Press. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Fry, D. P. (1994) Maintaining social tranquillity: Internal and external loci of aggression control, in L. E. Sponsel and T. Gregor, eds., The Anthropology of Peace and Nonviolence, Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Groves, E. R. (1928) An Introduction to Sociology, New York. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Hall, S. (1980) Cultural studies: Two paradigms, in F. E. N. B. Dirk and S. B. Ortner, eds., A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Cited in Park (2005). Heath, Shirley Brice (1997) Culture: Contested realm in research on children and youth, Personality and Social Psychology Review 1:3. Herskovits, M. J. (1955) Cultural Anthropology, New York: Knopf. Cited in Earley and Randel (1997). Hofstede, G. (1980) Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, Newbury Park, California: Sage. Cited in Earley and Randel (1997). Hollan, D. (1988) Staying cool in Toraja: Informal strategies for the management of anger and hostility in a non-violent society, Ethos 16. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Hopmann, Terrence (1998) The Negotiation Process and the Resolution of International Conflicts, Columbia, South Carolina: Columbia South Carolina Press. Just, Peter (1991) Conflict resolution and moral community among the Dou Donggo, in Kevin Avruch, Peter W. Black, and Joseph A. Scimecca, eds., Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. Kluckhohn, C. (1949) Mirror for Man, New York: Wittlesey House. Kluckhohn, Clyde (1954) Culture and Behavior, New York: Free Press. Kluckhohn, Clyde et al. (1952) Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Peabody Museum. Lederach, John Paul (1991) Of nets, nails, and problems: The folk language of conflict resolution in a Central American settting, in Kevin Avruch, Peter W. Black, and Joseph A. Scimecca, eds., Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. Mathews, Gordon (2000) Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket, London: Routledge. Park, R. E., and Burgess, E. W. (1921) Introduction to the Science of Sociology, Chicago. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Park, Yoosun (2005) Culture as deficit: A critical discourse analysis of the concept of culture in contemporary social work discourse, Journal of Sociology Social Work 32:3. Rohner, R. R. (1984) Toward a conception of culture for cross-cultural psychology, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 15:2. Cited in Earley and Randel (1997). Ross, M. H. (1993) The Management of Conflict, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Rubin, J. Z., Pruitt, D. G., and Kim, S. H. (1994) Social Conflict: Escalation, Stalemate and Settlement, New York: McGraw-Hill. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Shweder, R. A. and LeVine, R. A. (1984) Culture Theory: Essays on Mind, Self, and Emotion, New York: Cambridge University Press. Cited in Earley and Randel (1997). Sumner, W. G., and Keller, A. G. (1927) The Science of Society, New Haven, Connecticut. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Tylor, E. B. (1871) Primitive Culture, Boston. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Versi, Anver (2002) Coping with culture clash, African Business, May 2002. White, G. M. (1991) Rhetoric, reality, and resolving conflicts: Disentangling in a Solomon Islands society, in K. Avruch, P. W. Black, and J. A. Schimecca, eds., Conflict Resolution: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood. Cited in Bjrkqvist and Fry (1997). Wissler, C. (1929) An Introduction to Social Anthropology, New York. Cited in Kluckhohn (1952). Williams, Raymond (1983) Keywords, London: Fontana. Cited in Chay (1990). Wright, Susan (1998) The politicization of culture, Anthropology Today 14:1.

The Purpose Of This Project Is To Introduce A Possible

The purpose of this project is to introduce a possible approach and solution to address inequality in the United States public education system through the implementation of the Initiatory Public Education Policy. As such, it presents evidence to support the claim that academic outcomes improve when children participate in school-readiness programs prior to entering primary education. Moreover, the emphasis of this project is to present an exploratory analysis using the constructionist approach and basic framework of the social problem process by Joel Best (2008, pp. 33-40). First, it introduces the claim that educational outcomes are dependent on socioeconomic status, advocates for universal compulsory early childhood education, and†¦show more content†¦Successful primary education attainment is imperative for entering college, embarking on a career and participating in civil society (Garcia Weiss, 2015). To be sure, there are studies which suggest that successful ou tcomes for children depend on their readiness for entry into primary school – therefore, mandating early childhood education is paramount to addressing the inequality within the United States public education system. Overview, Background and Justification Addressing the issue of inequality in education requires an evaluation of the claim that preschool (Pre-K) education is fundamental to readiness for primary education and beyond. The end goal of this project is to provide evidence that compulsory Pre-K education is required in order for all socioeconomic classes to be at parity with learning outcomes through the implementation of policy. Since key foundations for learning are established beginning at birth, starting school behind makes it likely that early disadvantages will persist as children progress through school, and last into their adult lives (Garcia Weiss, 2015, p.1). According to the Office of the Administration for Children and Families (2015), former President Lyndon B. Johnson was compelled to implement policy to address concerns regarding child development after consulting withShow MoreRelatedThe High Tech Industries Have A Revolutionary Approach Towards Technology Essay1124 Words   |  5 PagesGoogle embarked on a revolutionary project named â€Å"Google Glass† which was a start for the high-tech companies to think about wearable gadgets. Google glass was an optical head-mounted display designed in the shape of a pair of eyeglasses. Likewise, Nike, the biggest sports footwear and apparel company in the world, introduced its new product named â€Å"Nike+ FuelBand† trying to find its ways into the IT and technology world. Fitbit is also another competitor in this market. The wearable bands producedRead MoreSocial Business Is The Ability For An Organization1561 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity to improve its performance. Using th e community introduces collaboration in the company, which encourages employees to work together to produce a collective goal. Businesses should consider implementing internal social networks, because it is likely that by introducing a collaborative culture into firms will lead to greater success in productivity and employee retention. Although this new concept of collaborating will be difficult to introduce to companies with a less receptive work force, withRead MoreCost Overruns708 Words   |  3 Pages2014 Abstract Project management is to forecast and track costs to avoid cost overruns. Poor management leads to rising cost. Effective project management identifies such possible sources of cost overruns early and mitigates their effect. This paper explains the underlying causes of project cost overruns and provides some cost estimating methods used to avoid the overruns in the project. Cost Overruns Cost can be described as one of the most important issues of a project success. A cost overrunRead MoreAnalysis Of Da Nang s Da 1286 Words   |  6 Pagesthe bridge garners a lot of attention, but the bridge serves an important purpose other than just being visually appealing. This bridge connects to cities and allows easy access to the regional city of Da Nang. While creating an ease of access to and from Da Nang, this bridge also has brought great economic wealth to the city of Da Nang. It is a staple for tourists to visit as well as the surrounding inhabitants to admire this engineering marvel. The Da Nang People’s Committee (DNPC) were seekingRead MoreBusiness Feasibility Operations And Strategy : Green Divers1639 Words   |  7 Pagesman. In order for this to happen there is no better plan than for me to create my own business. I think of stuff all the time and I’ve been writing ideas down for a long time and a finally think I may be on to something, which is the purpose of this paper. In this document I will first introduce myself as the entrepreneur, I will describe my passions, career goals, how I will connect those with my business concept and why. Following an introduction of myself, I will then introduce the company, itsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Drive By Daniel H. N. Pink1458 Words   |  6 Pagessomething, why are they motivated with some type of compensation such as an A in the class? In his book, Drive, Daniel H. Pink divides motivation into three categories that evolved over time- Motivation 1.0, 2.0, 3.0. using these theories to challeng e this motivation of carrot and sticks. Throughout Pink’s book, motivation is described as an operating system. He tells readers that humans initial operating system, which he calls Motivation 1.0 was based on survival. Motivation 1.0 worked well until societyRead MoreThe Issue Of Legal Issues914 Words   |  4 PagesLegal Issues There are far more opportunities for the decrease of legal issues with this conflict implementation plan. With tiered meeting being conducted on a daily basis, the project status is addressed and issues with schedule, cost, scope and quality can be brought to the forefront and addressed. If negative issues were not addressed in this matter, negative impacts on the project would likely occur – such as: (a). Teams making unethical decisions (b). Adversarial contractual relationships (c)Read More How a Bill Becomes Law Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult. The Constitution settles how bills become law in the United States. The procedure is operose and can take significant time to complete. The course materials of week three offer more than enough information on how the procedure works. This essay will, mainly, use the course materials to describe the process of how a bill becomes a law. The process of transforming a bill into a law requires the participation of both the Legislative branch and Executive branch of government. BeforeRead MoreGlobal Government And Business Leaders Forum1455 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Government and Business Leaders Forum (GGBL) Project Charter 4/5/2015 QUT Mandeep Gandhi CONTENTS 1. Project Purpose 3 1.1 Project Scope 3 2. Project Objectives 3 3. Project Requirements 4 4. Project Milestones 4 5. Assumptions 4 6. Constraints 5 7. Risks 5 8. Summary of Budget 5 CONTACT INFORMATION FOR KEY INDIVIDUALS NAME ORGANIZATION CONTACT NO. EMAIL Mr. J Manger Events coordination and Co (Project Manager) jmanger@eventcoordination.co.au Mr. MandeepRead MoreBsbadm504B Plan and Implement Administration System1689 Words   |  7 Pages |Time/s | | The assessment task is due on the date specified by your assessor. Any variations to this arrangement must be approved in writing by your assessor. Submit this document with any required evidence attached. See specifications below for details. Performance objective In this assessment task you will demonstrate skills and knowledge required to plan or review administration systems and implement new or modified administration

RSA Guideline Free Essays

â€Å"Establishment of Operational Road Safety Engineering Units in the Road Authorities (Pads) of 2 Southern – States of India† Slash Chancre Triad, International Road Safety Specialist It is recognized that the in order to improve road safety it is vital for institutional strengthening, capacity building and reform to urgently take place in the road sector. The Tasks of Technical Assistance Services under two assignments as already addressed in Kraal-India (the World-Bank financed EST. I Project for PAD) ND are currently being addressed in Karakas-India (DAB financed PRAM Project for PAD) are: Road safety tools and techniques vital for roads to be safe and sustainable; Institutional strengthening and reform by providing adequate on and off training; and introducing well-proven and appropriate proactive and reactive engineering approaches / measures and educational aspects to improve road safety. We will write a custom essay sample on RSA Guideline or any similar topic only for you Order Now The author will briefly address regarding various activities performed and topics addressed. Such as Safe Road Management System, 5 Pillars, Crash Data Collection, Database, Analysis and Reports for dissemination; Road Safety Engineering; Economics; Low Cost Counter – Measures and Program; Vulnerable Road Users; History of Road Safety Audit with Stages, Checklists and Report; Road Safety Review and Inspection; Operations Processes, Procedures, Manuals and Guidelines; Strategies and Policies; Road Safety Co-ordination and Action Plan; International Practices; Road Safety Engineering related Awareness Campaigns; Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building: Organizational structure, Training Need Assessment, Job-descriptions; On and Off – the Job-Training and Standards; Monitoring and Evaluations; Innovations and developments In Traffic Control Devices (signs and marking materials); RAP; Procurement of road safety tools (such as book, code, software and equipment); Crash Barriers; School Zone Treatments; Case studies. Also discussions on the most up-to-date concepts, principles and practices for Institutional reform In the road safety. How to cite RSA Guideline, Papers

Discussion about marketing plan and launch strategy

Question: Analyze Keurigs marketing plan and launch strategy. Is the current plan sound? Answer: From the case study, it has been found that after the incredible achievement of Keurig Single Cup browser in Office Coffee Services (OCS) away from home market in late 1990s, the company is about to commence their innovative product named as B100 for the home customers in the year 2013 (Boone Kurtz, 2013). It has been seen that the vice president and the CEO of the concerned company after preparing extensive market surveys as well as testing have been able to finish with the assistance of the specialized services and investigating new marketing approach have been facing some of the serious issues. It has been seen that the addressed issues have not been solved yet by the senior management of Keurig Inc. It has been found that Keurig Inc. required following straight sales approach for their new at home brewer system B100. However, to keep the sales margin same and control over the OCS market of the authorized distributors, the company has introduced a new K cups called Keurig-cup for the at home customers (Hollensen, 2015). Secondly, it has been stated that there is a costing concern because the market review has shown that the satisfactory price to be $149 but after counting all the variables and the permanent costs of B100 scheme the cost acquiring is $220 (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). Therefore, there is a dilemma related to the pricing strategy of the selected company. The third identified issue was the pricing of the K-cups that maximizes their marketplace chances and would be sensible enough for both the customers and the producer (Morgan, Katsikeas Vorhies, 2012). Hollensen (2015) has mentioned on his work that U.S. coffee market is constantly mounting where specialty coffee is the main emphasize whose sales share is 8% and this has jumped from 8% to 20% each year. After discussing the marketing plan of the concerned company, it is important to analyze the launch strategy of the company. Some of the financial experts have stated that the new brewer scheme for the at home customers id absolutely a superior idea and has the potentiality to prosper in the current economic trends as well as the consumer expectations (Santos-Vijande et al., 2012). It can be stated that new technology is one of the important factors that keep the on evolving and if the company is properly as well as technologically sound, it would tough for the company to maintain competitive advantage in the strong competitive market (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). At this part, it is important to suggest some of the effective recommendation to the company, so that they can deal with the addressed issues in the company. Initially, it can be suggested that the company must utilize direct marketing approach with their new B100 Brewer system (Santos-Vijande et al., 2012). Apart from that, it can be said that Keurig Authorized Distributors are required to maintain a proper relationship with the office managers as well as take their feedbacks. This might help the company to deal with the company issues (Santos-Vijande et al., 2012). References Boone, L., Kurtz, D. (2013).Contemporary marketing. Cengage Learning. Czinkota, M., Ronkainen, I. (2012).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Morgan, N. A., Katsikeas, C. S., Vorhies, D. W. (2012). Export marketing strategy implementation, export marketing capabilities, and export venture performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(2), 271-289. Santos-Vijande, M. L., Lpez-Snchez, J. ., Trespalacios, J. A. (2012). How organizational learning affects a firm's flexibility, competitive strategy, and performance.Journal of Business Research,65(8), 1079-1089. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.